Jump to content

Foreign relations of Rwanda

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Politics of Rwanda
Constitution
Government
Parliament
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations
United Nations in Rwanda

Rwanda has diplomatic relations with most members of the United Nations and with the Holy See.

Accepting refugees

[edit]

Rwanda has accepted tens of thousands of refugees from neighboring African countries like Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Somalia and South Sudan.[1] It has also accepted hundreds of African refugees from Israel and Afghan schoolgirls.[1]

As of 2015, Rwanda hosted 75,000 Burundian refugees according to UNHCR. When credible reports surfaced that Rwanda recruited and trained Burundi refugees including children to remove Burundian President Nkurunziza, Rwanda announced to relocate Burundian refugees to third countries.[2]

Since September 2019, Rwanda has also taken in Libyan refugees and asylum-seekers, operating a refugee center at Gashora, Rwanda, which houses up to 700 refugees from eight African countries (Eritrea, Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon) and is financed by UNHCR until 31 December 2023.[3]

In 2021 Denmark signed a deal to establish an asylum center in Kigali, and since April 2022, the UK has sought to shift its asylum responsibilities, considering Rwanda a safe third country by offering 120 million pounds in economic development programs in return for accepting refugees.[1]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Rwanda maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date[4]
1  France 1 July 1962[5]
2  Israel 1 July 1962[6]
3  Japan 1 July 1962[7]
4  United Kingdom 1 July 1962[8]
5  United States 1 July 1962[9]
6  Belgium 18 July 1962[10]
7  Pakistan July 1962[11]
8  Uganda 18 December 1962[12]
9  Germany 13 February 1963[13]
10  South Korea 21 March 1963[14]
11  Denmark 2 April 1963[15]
12  Russia 17 October 1963[16]
13   Switzerland 12 November 1963[17]
—  Holy See 6 June 1964[18]
14  Canada 11 June 1964[19]
15  Netherlands 1 October 1964[20]
16  Luxembourg 27 October 1964[21]
17  Tanzania 7 January 1965[22]
18  Colombia 22 February 1965[23]
19  Italy 5 May 1965[24]
20  Kenya 11 June 1965[25]
21  Poland 10 July 1965[26]
22  Romania 15 July 1965[27]
23  Czech Republic 24 July 1965[28]
24  Austria 14 September 1965[29][30]
25  Ghana 1965[31]
26  Ethiopia 26 October 1966[32]
27  Spain 16 June 1967[33]
28  Guinea 28 June 1967[34]
29  Democratic Republic of the Congo February 1969[35]
30  Burundi April 1969[36]
31  Norway 30 January 1971[37]
32  Senegal 9 February 1971[38]
33  Egypt 10 February 1971[39]
34  Syria 10 February 1971[39]
35  Serbia 15 June 1971[40]
36  China 12 November 1971[41]
37  Tunisia 1971[42]
38  North Korea 22 April 1972[43]
39  Nigeria 10 June 1972[44][45]
40  Hungary 31 July 1972[46]
41  Chad 9 December 1972[47]
42  Zambia January 1973[48]
43  Greece 1 February 1973[49]
44  Cameroon 11 March 1974[50]
45  Ivory Coast 15 March 1974[51]
46  Libya 10 May 1974[52]
47  Sweden 1974[53]
48  Argentina 8 January 1975[54]
49  Burkina Faso 26 November 1975[55]
50  Vietnam 30 September 1975[56]
51  Algeria 25 November 1975[57]
52  Niger 1975[58]
53  Mexico 21 January 1976[59]
54  Portugal 12 February 1976[60]
55  Mozambique 17 April 1976[61]
56  Cuba 6 September 1979[62]
57  Bulgaria 20 December 1979[63]
58  Turkey 18 February 1980[64]
59  Djibouti 3 April 1980[65]
60  Brazil 20 January 1981[66]
61  Venezuela 18 August 1981[67]
62  Republic of the Congo 17 August 1982[68]
63  Philippines 15 December 1982[69]
64  Finland 1 June 1983[70]
65  Lesotho 1983[71]
66  Bangladesh 13 January 1984[72]
67  Indonesia 16 January 1984[73]
68  Benin 8 March 1985[74]
69  Mauritania 27 April 1985[75]
70  Mali 6 January 1987[76]
71  Thailand 30 October 1987[77]
72  Angola December 1988[78]
73  Cyprus 31 March 1990[79]
74  Namibia 21 December 1990[80]
75  Chile 20 September 1991[81]
76  Slovakia 1 January 1993[82]
77  Ukraine 8 September 1993[83]
78  South Africa May 1995
79  United Arab Emirates 1995[84]
80  North Macedonia 18 April 1996[85]
81  Bahrain 2 March 1998[86]
82  Oman March 1998[87]
83  Jamaica 6 November 1998
84  Zimbabwe 7 October 1999[88]
85  India 1999[89]
86  Costa Rica 8 March 2001
87  Mauritius 16 March 2001
88  Malawi 26 June 2001[90]
89  Belarus 25 February 2002
90  Sudan 15 October 2003[91]
91  Azerbaijan 28 March 2004
92  Armenia 29 March 2004
93  Iceland 12 May 2004
94  Botswana September 2004[92]
95  Singapore 18 March 2005[93]
96  Malaysia 1 August 2005[94][95]
97  Cambodia 29 September 2005[96]
98  Estonia 14 March 2006[97]
99  Slovenia 8 December 2006
100  Seychelles 2006[98]
101  Latvia 10 April 2007[99]
102  Australia 9 May 2007[100]
103  Morocco 21 June 2007[101]
104  Uruguay 16 June 2009
105  Laos 31 August 2009[102]
106  Equatorial Guinea 29 July 2010[103]
107  Gabon 8 October 2010[104]
108  Georgia 23 March 2011
109  Sri Lanka 20 April 2011[105]
110  Iran 19 May 2011[106]
111  New Zealand 17 April 2012[107]
112  Kazakhstan 10 May 2012[108]
113  Somalia 18 October 2012[109]
114  Lithuania 27 March 2013
115  Montenegro 12 April 2013
116  Kuwait 19 September 2013[110]
117  Bosnia and Herzegovina 17 October 2013
118  South Sudan 21 October 2013[111]
119  Mongolia 25 November 2013
120  Ireland 28 November 2013[112]
121  Sierra Leone 29 November 2013[113]
122  Monaco 10 April 2014[114]
123  Gambia 15 July 2014[115]
124  Eswatini 30 August 2014[116]
125  Barbados 28 July 2015[117]
126  Central African Republic 8 July 2016[118]
127  Liechtenstein 11 November 2016[119]
128  São Tomé and Príncipe 11 January 2017[120]
129  Togo 17 January 2017[121]
130  Lebanon April 2017[122]
131  Eritrea 18 April 2017[123]
132  Cape Verde 4 May 2017[124]
133  Qatar 4 May 2017
134  Liberia 16 May 2017[125]
135  Jordan 4 June 2017[126]
136  Peru 7 December 2017[127]
137  Madagascar 17 January 2018[128]
138  Croatia 15 February 2018
139  Saudi Arabia 29 March 2018
140  Malta 12 July 2018
141    Nepal 20 July 2018
142  Tajikistan 30 July 2018
143  Haiti 15 August 2018
144  Vanuatu 3 October 2018[129]
145  Andorra 14 November 2018
146  Saint Kitts and Nevis 15 February 2019[130]
147  Saint Lucia 28 August 2019
148  Maldives 6 September 2019
149  Suriname 14 October 2019
150  Ecuador 17 October 2019
151  Nicaragua 8 November 2019[131]
152  Antigua and Barbuda 10 December 2019
153  Belize 22 January 2020
154  Brunei 9 December 2020
155  Grenada 3 March 2021
156  Dominica 15 April 2021
157  Guinea-Bissau 27 April 2021[132]
158  Bolivia 22 September 2021[133]
159  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9 November 2021
160  Trinidad and Tobago 26 May 2022
161  Bahamas 16 June 2022
162  Guyana 24 August 2022
163  Dominican Republic 23 September 2022
164  Kyrgyzstan 13 December 2022
165  Comoros 16 January 2023[134]
166  Tonga 21 March 2023
167  Paraguay 18 April 2023
168  El Salvador 18 September 2023
169  Panama 18 September 2023
170  Moldova 25 January 2024
171  Guatemala 24 September 2024[135]
172  Solomon Islands 24 September 2024[136]
173  Marshall Islands 25 September 2024
174  Samoa 22 October 2024[137]
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Unknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]
Embassy of Rwanda in Washington, D.C.

Several west European and African nations, Canada, People's Republic of China, Egypt, Libya, Russia, the Holy See, and the European Union maintain diplomatic missions in Kigali.[138]

Country Notes
 Australia Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2007[139]
  • Rwanda is accredited to Australia through its High Commission in Singapore, Rwanda also has an Honorary Consul based in Melbourne.[140]
  • Australia is represented in Rwanda through its High Commission in Nairobi, Kenya.
 Bangladesh See Bangladesh-Rwanda relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1984[141] In 1994 Bangladesh provided roughly 900 peace-keeping troops, including soldiers and medical personnel, to Rwanda to aid in keeping the peace during the Rwandan genocide, one of more than 40 countries to do so.[142]

 Belgium See Belgium-Rwanda relations

Belgium was the colonial power, administering the League of Nations mandate in Ruanda Urundi from 1922 until their independence in 1962. See Ruanda-Urundi.

During the 1994 Genocide, 10 Belgian Peacekeepers were murdered while trying to protect then-Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana.[143]

 Belize Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 2020[146]
 Burundi
Main article: Burundi–Rwanda relations

Burundi and Rwanda have always had diplomatic relations as the two were very closed linked kingdoms and their political relations can date back to the year 1091, when the Kingdom of Rwanda was founded, the two kingdoms always had close relationships and even political alliances between the two monarchies. In the modern era, the two states dispute sections of border on the Akanyaru and the Kagera/Nyabarongo rivers, which have changed course since the 1960s, when the boundary was delimited; cross-border conflicts among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces persist in the Great Lakes region.

  • Burundi has an embassy in Kigali.
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Bujumbura.
 China See China–Rwanda relations

China and Rwanda established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1971.[147]

  • China has an embassy in Kigali.
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Beijing.
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Main article: Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda relations

In 1998, Rwanda, along with Uganda, invaded the Democratic Republic of the Congo to back Congolese rebels trying to overthrow then-President Laurent Kabila. Rwandan troops remain in the Congo, backing rebels that aim to overthrow Laurent Kabila's son, Joseph Kabila, who is now the President of the Congo. Rwandan troops have pulled back, however, behind disengagement lines set forth in the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement.

Rwandan President Paul Kagame met with the Democratic Republic of the Congo's President Joseph Kabila in Goma on 6 August 2009.[148] It was the first presidential meeting between the two countries for 13 years,[149] with the two countries having come to a disagreement in 1996 following an invasion by Rwanda into eastern Congo, a disagreement which was renewed in 1998 after a further invasion.[148] The pair of presidents spent more than two hours in the company of each other and "reviewed all issues of common interest".[148] Kabila referred to it as "the first giant step forward" in what was referred to as an "all new era".[149] One month previous to the meeting both countries had appointed ambassadors to each other's capitals.[148][149]

 France

See France–Rwanda relations

As a result of French complicity before, during and after the genocide, with the genocidaires (that is, those who committed the genocide),[150] Rwanda cut off relations with France at the end of the war, and replaced French with English as an official language. Relations were resumed in November 2009. Nicolas Sarkozy visited Kigali in February 2010.[151]

in 2016, A French court ordered the re-opening of the case investigating the fatal plane crash that killed Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana in 1994.[152] The move angered administration in Ghana. The National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide (CNLG) issued the names of French military 22 officers[153] requested for depositions. The officers were station in France during the 1994 Turquoise safe zone operation.

 Germany See Germany–Rwanda relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1963[154]

 India See India–Rwanda relations
  • India is represented in Rwanda through its High Commission in Kigali.[155]
  • Rwanda has its embassy in New Delhi.[156]
 Israel See Israel-Rwanda relations

In 1962, Israel was the second country to recognize Rwanda's independence. In 1973 the relations were severed and restored in October 1994 after the Rwandan genocide.

  • Israel has embassy in Kigali from 2019.
  • Rwanda has embassy in Tel Aviv feom 2015.
 Japan
 Kenya Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1965[160]

See Kenya-Rwanda Relations

 Mexico Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1976[163]
  • Mexico is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Kigali.[164]
  • Rwanda is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[165]
 Netherlands The Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda was established in the Kingdom of the Netherlands in The Hague on the 1st of November 2006[166]
 North Korea See North Korea–Rwanda relations
 Romania
  • Romania is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Rwanda is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
 Singapore The High Commission of the Republic of Rwanda in Singapore was officially opened in 2008[167]
  • Singapore is accredited to Rwanda through a non-resident high commissioner based in Singapore.
  • Rwanda has a high commission in Singapore.
 Slovenia Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 2006[168]
 South Korea 22 August 1972 opened Embassy Republic of Korea in Rwanda, but closed 31 May 1975, reopened 11 September 1987, the embassy was closed again 30 November 1990 and reopened 30 December 2011. Rwanda opened its embassy in Seoul 30 March 2009[169]
  • Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Republic of Rwanda is 21 March 1963.[170]
 Spain See Rwanda–Spain relations
  • Rwanda is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
 Tanzania See Rwanda-Tanzania relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965 when accredited first Ambassador of Rwanda to Tanzania (resident in Kampala) Mr. Musabyimana Malachie[171]

 Turkey See Rwanda–Turkey relations
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Ankara.[172]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Kigali.[172]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 32.4 million USD in 2019 (Rwandan exports/imports: 0.2/32.2 million USD).[172]
 United Arab Emirates UAE Embassy in Kigali opened its temporary premises in March 2018 and was relocated to its current premises in April 2019[173]
  • Rwanda has an embassy in the UAE
  • Trade volume stood at $434.8 million in 2018[174]
 United Kingdom See Rwanda–United Kingdom relations

Rwanda established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 1 July 1962.[8]

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, and the World Trade Organization.

 United States See Rwanda–United States relations

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.[176]

  1. ^ a b c Dahir, Abdi Latif (9 October 2022). "The West Doesn't Want More Migrants. But Rwanda Will Take Them". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  2. ^ Eric Topona (12 February 2016). "Rwanda to relocate Burundian refugees". Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  3. ^ Hanson Gandhi Tamfu (11 May 2021). "Rwanda, the African Union and UNHCR extend agreement to support the emergency evacuation of refugees and asylum-seekers from Libya". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  4. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Rwanda and ..." Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  5. ^ "Lisete Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF) (in French). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ Roth, Cecil (1972). Encyclopaedia Judaica: A-Z. p. 441.
  7. ^ "Japan-Rwanda Relations". Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  8. ^ a b Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. (1970). The Diplomatic Service List. H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 136–149.
  9. ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Rwanda". Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  10. ^ Belgisch staatsblad (in French and Dutch). Vol. 225–246. 1962. p. 8743.
  11. ^ "MINISTER BIRUTA RECEIVES OUTGOING HIGH COMMISSIONER OF PAKISTAN". 23 December 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  12. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 247-248. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 8.
  13. ^ "Verzeichnis der Vertretungen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Ausland sowie der und Honorarkonsulinnen und Honorarkonsuln" (PDF) (in German). p. 101. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  14. ^ The Korean Journal of International Studies. Korean Institute of International Studies. 1986. p. 49.
  15. ^ "Udenrigsministeriets Tidsskrift". Udenrigsministeriets Tidsskrift: 88. 1964.
  16. ^ "Rwanda, Russia to Mark 50 Years of Friendship". 11 October 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  17. ^ "Schweizerische Botschaft in Kigali" (in German). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  18. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See". Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  19. ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  20. ^ Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1964. p. 124.
  21. ^ "Bulletin de documentation_1964_11" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 24. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  22. ^ List of Diplomatic Missions, Consular Missions, Trade and International Organizations. Tanzania. Protocol Division. 1966. p. 2.
  23. ^ "Directorio del Cuerpo Diplomático y Consular acreditado en la República de Colombia" (PDF). cancilleria.gov.co (in Spanish). 14 April 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  24. ^ "Presidenza Giuseppe Saragat Emanuele Kaberuka, nuovo ambasciatore del Ruanda: presentazione lettere credenziali". Portale storico della Prezidenza della Repubblica (in Italian). 5 May 1965. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  25. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 111-115. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1965.
  26. ^ "Rwanda" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  27. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  28. ^ Petruf, Pavol. Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 (in Slovak). p. 108.
  29. ^ Österreichische Zeitschrift Für Aussenpolitik (in German). Vol. 5. 1965. p. 392.
  30. ^ Michael Th Neugebauer (1992). Die österreichisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen seit 1955 (in German). Böhlau. p. 110. 14.9.65: ... 2) Zl. 140-276-4 pol/65, betr. der Aufnahme diplomatischer Beziehungen zwischen Österreich und Rwanda
  31. ^ Commonwealth Papers. University of London. Institute of Commonwealth Studies. 1974. p. 76. Rwanda: An embassy was established in 1965. Rwanda had no mission in Ghana.
  32. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 2262-2303. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1966. p. 6.
  33. ^ "Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol" (in Spanish). p. 307. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  34. ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1967. p. 816.
  35. ^ McDonald, Gordon C. (1971). Area Handbook for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo Kinshasa). Vol. 809–818. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. p. 261.
  36. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1970. Выпуск четырнадцатый 7. Зарубежные государства_стр 197-425" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 223. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  37. ^ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  38. ^ Bulletin de l'Afrique noire Issues 627-651 (in French). Ediafric. 1971. M. Mohamed DIOP , ambassadeur du Sénégal en République démocratique du Congo et au Burundi , a présenté ses lettres de créance au Rwanda le 9 février 1971 ...
  39. ^ a b Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1971. p. 6.
  40. ^ Africa. AFP. 1972. p. 30.
  41. ^ "Rwanda". China Internet Information Center. 10 October 2006. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  42. ^ "Relations bilatérales" (in French). Archived from the original on 2 June 2012.
  43. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). 2016. p. 4. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  44. ^ Nigeria : Bulletin on Foreign Affairs, Volume 2. Nigerian Institute of International Affairs. 1972. p. 5.
  45. ^ Nigeria Today. Office of the High Commissioner for Nigeria in the United Kingdom. 1972. p. 11.
  46. ^ Africa. Agence France Presse. 1972. p. 17.
  47. ^ Bulletin de l'Afrique noire - Issues 718-742 (in French). Ediafric. 1973.
  48. ^ "Часть II Зарубежные страны: Руанда" (PDF). Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1974. Выпуск восемнадцатый (in Russian). p. 366. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  49. ^ D.G. Lavroff (1973). L'Afrique dans le monde (in French). Editions A. Pedone. p. 617. 1 février. — Etablissement de relations diplomatiques entre le Rwanda et la Gréce au niveau de l'ambassade
  50. ^ Cameroun Informations (in French). 1972. p. 13.
  51. ^ Année africaine (in French). 1975. p. 412.
  52. ^ "Formal Diplomatic Relations: Rwanda-Libya". Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  53. ^ "Sveriges statskalender / 1978 / Rwanda" (in Swedish). Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  54. ^ "Comunicado Conjunto estableciendo Relaciones Diplomáticas entre la República Argentina y la República Ruandesa" (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  55. ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1975. p. 3816.
  56. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East. Vol. 3. BBC. 1975. pp. A-40.
  57. ^ ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1975. p. 626.
  58. ^ The Europa Year Book 1975 A World Survey Vol.-ii. Europa Publications Limited. 1975. p. 1165.
  59. ^ "República de Ruanda" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  60. ^ "Países" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  61. ^ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1642-1654. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1976. p. 46. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  62. ^ Cuban Chronology, 1978-80: A Reference Aid. National Foreign Assessment Center. 1981. p. 189.
  63. ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  64. ^ Daily Report Western Europe February-April, 1980 Vol.2 No.2. NewsBank, inc. p. 59.
  65. ^ "Etat des Relations". Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation Internationale Djibouti (in French). Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  66. ^ A política externa do regime militar brasileiro: multilateralização, desenvolvimento e construção de uma potência média, 1964-1985 (in Portugal). Editora da Universidade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. 1998. p. 330.
  67. ^ Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho (in Spanish). Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2003. pp. 528–529.
  68. ^ "Coopération : Congo-rwanda réchauffement des relations diplomatiques" (in French). 22 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  69. ^ Le Mois en Afrique, Issues 194-202. Le Mois en Afrique, 1982. p. 160.
  70. ^ "Countries and regions A–Z". Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  71. ^ "HIS MAJESTY ACCEPTS LETTERS OF CREDENCE FROM RWANDA". 5 August 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  72. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 7529-7579. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1983.
  73. ^ Daily Report: Asia & Pacific - Issues 11-21. The Service. 1984.
  74. ^ Bulletin de l'Afrique noire - Issues 1852–1877 (in French). Ediafric. 1985. p. 12.
  75. ^ Afrique nouvelle - Issues 1852-1877 (in French). 1985. 29 January 1985. p. 11.
  76. ^ Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens Issues 2147-2163 (in French). 1987. p. 449.
  77. ^ "ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างไทยกับรวันดา" (in Thai). Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  78. ^ NewsBulletin. Vol. 87–114. ANGOP. 1988. pp. 10 and 14.
  79. ^ Synthèse du rapport annuel (in French). Ministère des affaires étrangères et de la cooperation internationale. 1990. p. 13.
  80. ^ "FOREIGN POLICY_MAKING IN NAMIBIA: THE DYNAMICS OF THE SMALLNESS OF A STATE" (PDF). p. 258.
  81. ^ De la reinserción a los acuerdos: la política exterior chilena en 1991 (in Spanish). FLACSO. 1992. p. 277.
  82. ^ "Rwanda - Základné informácie" (in Slovak). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  83. ^ "Middle East and Africa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  84. ^ "Bilateral relations". Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  85. ^ "Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  86. ^ "Bahrain". Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  87. ^ "PRESIDENT KAGAME RECEIVES LETTERS OF CREDENCE FROM NEW ENVOYS". 27 October 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  88. ^ "Zimbabwe: The Month In Brief". allAfrica. 29 November 1999. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  89. ^ "President Kagame holds talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India". 24 July 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  90. ^ Diplomatic and Consular Directory, Issue 33. Malawi. Ministry of External Affairs, Malawi. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. 2002. p. 18.
  91. ^ Ismāʻīl, Muṣṭafá ʻUthmān (2006). Le Soudan vers un rôle de guide à l'ombre de la paix (in French). Dar-Alassalah. p. 99.
  92. ^ "Rwanda Botswana relations symbiotic". 11 August 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  93. ^ "Diplomatic & consular list". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  94. ^ "Wisma Putra congratulates the Republic of Rwanda on the auspicious occasion of its 59th Independence Day". 1 July 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  95. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular List - November 2015" (PDF). 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  96. ^ "LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA". mfaic.gov.kh. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  97. ^ "Eesti ja Rwanda sõlmisid diplomaatilised suhted". 23 July 2022 (in Estonian).
  98. ^ "RWANDA, SEYCHELLES TO COOPERATE IN TOURISM". Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  99. ^ "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". mfa.gov.lv. 17 February 2021. Archived from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  100. ^ "Heads of Diplomatic Missions - Ordered by Precedence (* Non Resident)". Archived from the original on 4 June 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  101. ^ "Rwanda: New Ambassadors Present Credentials to Kagame". allAfrica. 22 June 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  102. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  103. ^ "Diecinueve embajadores presentan sus cartas credenciales ante el Presidente Obiang". guineaecuatorialpress.com (in Spanish). 29 July 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  104. ^ "Rwandan envoy presents his credentials to Gabon". 8 October 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  105. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  106. ^ "8 foreign envoys present credentials". 19 May 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  107. ^ "NEW ZEALAND HANDOVERS TO RWANDA ARCHIVES RELATED TO THE 1994 GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI". Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  108. ^ "Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  109. ^ "President Kagame receives more credentials of new envoys". 18 October 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  110. ^ "Kuwaiti diplomat submits credentials as non-resident Amb. to Rwanda". 19 September 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  111. ^ "President Kagame receives credentials of five new African envoys". 21 October 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  112. ^ "Ireland / New Ambassador of Rwanda presents Credentials". 28 November 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  113. ^ "President Kagame receives credentials of new envoys". 29 November 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  114. ^ "10 avril 2014 – Le Consul Honoraire du Rwanda a accompagné son Ambassadeur Extraordinaire et Plénipotentiaire pour la remise de ses lettres de créance au Prince Souverain" (in French). Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  115. ^ "Gambia: Rwandan Ambassador Presents Letter of Credence to Vice President". 15 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  116. ^ "Envoy Karega Presents Credentials to King of Swaziland". 30 August 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  117. ^ "Barbados & Rwanda Establish Diplomatic Relations". Government Information Service of Barbados. 28 July 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  118. ^ "Amb. Habyalimana presents credentials to CAR president". IGIHE. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  119. ^ "Rwandan envoy to Liechtenstein presents credentials". 12 November 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  120. ^ "[PHOTOS]: Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe to strengthen cooperation". 11 January 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  121. ^ "Nouveaux ambassadeurs à Lomé". togodiplomatie.info (in French). 17 January 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  122. ^ "Short background story". Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  123. ^ "President Isaias receives credentials of Ambassadors". 18 April 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  124. ^ "Presidente Jorge Carlos Fonseca recebe cartas credências do embaixador da Guiné Equatorial". inforpress.cv (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  125. ^ "Liberia: Kuwaiti, Rwandan Ambassadors Present Letters of Credence". 17 May 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  126. ^ "Ambassador Nkurunziza presents credentials to Jordanian King". 5 June 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  127. ^ "Establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre Perú y Ruanda" (in Spanish). 11 December 2017.
  128. ^ "Madagascar : Les nouveaux Ambassadeurs de la Corée du Sud, de la République Tchèque et du Rwanda présentent leurs lettres de créances". 18 January 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  129. ^ "Rwanda-Vanuatu Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Flickr. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  130. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  131. ^ "Nicaragua establece relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Ruanda". 9 November 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  132. ^ "Rwanda's Ambassador to Guinea Bissau with residence in Senegal, Jean-Pierre Karabaranga, yesterday presented his letters of credence to President Umaro Sissoco Embalo". Facebook. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  133. ^ "Bolivia y Ruanda establecen relaciones diplomáticas" (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  134. ^ "Signature d'un accord de coopération entre les Comores et le Rwanda" (in French). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  135. ^ "On the sidelines of #UNGA79 in New York, Minister onduhungirehe and Ms. Mónica Bolaños, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala, signed a Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Guatemala and the Republic of Rwanda, promoting mutual understanding and cooperation between the two countries". 25 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  136. ^ "Minister onduhungirehe held a meeting with Hon. Peter Shanel Agovaka, Minister of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of the Solomon Islands..." 24 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  137. ^ "U Rwanda na Samoa bigiye gushyiraho za Ambasade" (in Kinyarwanda). 23 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  138. ^ "LIST OF HEADS OF DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS WITH RESIDENCE IN KIGALI". www.minaffet.gov.rw. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  139. ^ "Australia, Rwanda strengthen ties". The New Times. 22 August 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  140. ^ "The Department - About us - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade".
  141. ^ IDSA News Review on South Asia/Indian Ocean - Volume 17. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1984. p. 3.
  142. ^ Grünfeld, Frederik; Huijboom, Anke (2007). The Failure to Prevent Genocide in Rwanda: The Role of Bystanders. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 58, 208, 214.
  143. ^ "Belgian diplomats recalled from Rwanda over genocide event". AP NEWS. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  144. ^ "Embassy of Belgium in Kigali (in Dutch, English and French)".
  145. ^ "Embassy of Rwanda in Brussels (in French)". Archived from the original on 6 April 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  146. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Belize and Rwanda as of 22 Jan. 2020". United Nations Digital Library. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  147. ^ "Rwanda". China Internet Information Center. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  148. ^ a b c d "Kagame and Kabila restore ties". IOL. 7 August 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  149. ^ a b c "'New era' for DR Congo and Rwanda". BBC. 6 August 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  150. ^ "Rapport Duclert: La France, le Rwanda et le Génocide des Tutsis
  151. ^ "On Visit to Rwanda, Sarkozy Admits ‘Grave Errors’ in 1994 Genocide". 25 February 2010. The New York Times.
  152. ^ "France reopens Rwandan president's assassination probe". RFI. 8 October 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  153. ^ "Rwanda names 22 French army officers it accuses of aiding genocide".
  154. ^ "Verzeichnis der Vertretungen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Ausland sowie der und Honorarkonsulinnen und Honorarkonsuln. Page 101 (in German)" (PDF). Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  155. ^ "Indian High Commission in Rwanda".
  156. ^ "Rwanda Embassy in India". Archived from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  157. ^ "FEATURED: How Rwanda and Japan have deepened diplomatic relations". The New Times | Rwanda. 23 February 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  158. ^ "Japan Will Deepen Bilateral Relations with Rwanda Under Reiwa Era – Ambassador". KT PRESS. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  159. ^ "Rwanda's First Satellite In Space Is Set For Release From ISS". Space in Africa. 14 October 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  160. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 111-115. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1965.
  161. ^ "Kenya-Rwanda Relations". Kenya High Commission | Kigali, Rwanda. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  162. ^ "Rwanda in Kenya". Rwanda in Kenya. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  163. ^ "RELACIONES BILATERALES MÉXICO – RUANDA. p.13" (PDF). Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  164. ^ "Embassy of Mexico in Kenya".
  165. ^ "Embassy of Rwanda in the United States".
  166. ^ "BACKGROUND".
  167. ^ "Rwanda High Commission in Singapore".
  168. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Rwanda and Slovenia as of 8 Dec. 2006 (UN Digital Library)". 8 December 2006.
  169. ^ "공관약사 (Embassy Republic of Korea in rwanda in Korean)".
  170. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa". Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  171. ^ List of Diplomatic Missions, Consular Missions, Trade and International Organizations. Tanzania. Protocol Division. 1966. p. 2.
  172. ^ a b c "Relations between Turkey and Rwanda".
  173. ^ "UAE Embassy in Kigali".
  174. ^ "UAE trade with Rwanda hits $434.8mln in 2018". www.zawya.com. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  175. ^ "British High Commission Kigali". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  176. ^ "United States Department of State".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Rwanda&oldid=1265528818"